斯特列利措夫矿田一个大型-超大型铀矿床群在苏联时期是怎样被发现和被勘探的     

阎鸿铨 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(4):909-923

斯特列利措夫（简称Str）矿田是一个主要由大型-超大型钼铀矿床构成的矿床群,它位于南滨额尔古纳地区,铀的总储量在25万t以上,平均品位0.20%。该矿田在苏联解体以来的很长时间内几乎是俄罗斯唯一的天然铀来源。该区找铀的工作历程漫长而曲折,并颇具传奇色彩。早在1948年苏联地质部第一局松林大队在南滨额尔古纳地区开始了找铀工作。但因区内几乎所有矿床均属盲矿,而且多埋深较大,1962年之前找铀无果,1962年春已决定放弃在该区进行的找铀工作。1962年夏天高级地质师Л П伊舒科娃参观了哈萨克斯坦产在酸性火山岩中2个规模不大的铀矿床（波统-布鲁姆和克泽尔-萨伊）,注意到斯特列利措夫萤石脉围岩霏细岩的蚀变与哈萨克斯坦2个规模不大的铀矿床相似。归来之后,她上书领导力主恢复本区找矿工作并获得了再去做最后一试的机会。1963年5月,伊舒科娃所设计的钻孔一箭中的,发现了首个Str超大型铀矿床,整个局面立刻出现大转折,加速矿田开发成了所有工作的总方针。矿床的普查勘探工作和对矿床的地质研究工作平行加速进行,两者互相促进。不到10年,矿田的大部分矿床被一一发现;到1966年底,Str等矿床的初勘成果已经成为1970年代初组建全苏最大铀矿山的充分依据。到1980年底,矿田已有17个钼铀矿床完成勘探。1992年底19个矿床勘探完成。新一轮找矿采用的方略：首先合理综合运用地质、放射性及传统地球物理和地球化学方法,并合理综合使用深度普查自动装置射孔和钻探手段,进行不同比例尺的立体地质-构造填图;然后在其成果的基础上用钻孔去发现矿体。勘探工作所面对的基本事实：矿床构成的多重复杂性为Str矿田内所有矿床的共同特征;每个矿床的特点各异,其勘探过程不尽相同。初勘使用地表钻探进行,基本网度200 m×100 m~400 m×100 m。详勘使用坑探工程与钻探相结合的手段,采用水平与垂直断面联合的勘探系统,基本网度50 m×20 m~50 m×25 m。所有矿床的勘探成果完全被开采工程证实,并有10%的储量增长。Str铀矿床形成于晚中生代,为区域构造-岩浆活化作用晚阶段的陆相火山作用地区的岩浆热液矿床,受断裂构造控制是其基本特征之一。铀矿床在矿田内空间定位的重要规律：Str及其他绝大多数铀矿床均受控于南北向、北西向或东西向断裂与北东向额尔古纳隐伏深断裂带交汇。"斯特列利措夫效应"曾迅速地在我国铀矿地质勘查工作中传播,期待在我国,尤其在呼伦贝尔,乃至大兴安岭-燕山山脉中生代构造-岩浆带地区继续发酵,取得更多和更大的成果。  相似文献   

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.  相似文献   

Lithofacies paleogeography mapping and reservoir prediction in tight sandstone strata: A case study from central Sichuan Basin,China     

Yuan Zhong  Lu Zhou  Xiucheng Tan  Chengbo Lian  Hong Liu  Jijia Liao  Guang Hu  Mingjie Liu  Jian Cao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):961-975

Sand-rich tight sandstone reservoirs are potential areas for oil and gas exploration. However, the high ratio of sandstone thickness to that of the strata in the formation poses many challenges and uncertainties to traditional lithofacies paleogeography mapping. Therefore, the prediction of reservoir sweet spots has remained problematic in the field of petroleum exploration. This study provides new insight into resolving this problem, based on the analyses of depositional characteristics of a typical modern sand-rich formation in a shallow braided river delta of the central Sichuan Basin, China. The varieties of sand-rich strata in the braided river delta environment include primary braided channels, secondary distributary channels and the distribution of sediments is controlled by the successive superposed strata deposited in paleogeomorphic valleys. The primary distributary channels have stronger hydrodynamic forces with higher proportions of coarse sand deposits than the secondary distributary channels. Therefore, lithofacies paleogeography mapping is controlled by the geomorphology, valley locations, and the migration of channels. We reconstructed the paleogeomorphology and valley systems that existed prior to the deposition of the Xujiahe Formation. Following this, rock-electro identification model for coarse skeletal sand bodies was constructed based on coring data. The results suggest that skeletal sand bodies in primary distributary channels occur mainly in the valleys and low-lying areas, whereas secondary distributary channels and fine deposits generally occur in the highland areas. The thickness distribution of skeletal sand bodies and lithofacies paleogeography map indicate a positive correlation in primary distributary channels and reservoir thickness. A significant correlation exists between different sedimentary facies and petrophysical properties. In addition, the degree of reservoir development in different sedimentary facies indicates that the mapping method reliably predicts the distribution of sweet spots. The application and understanding of the mapping method provide a reference for exploring tight sandstone reservoirs on a regional basis.  相似文献   

基于多卫星遥感产品的极端降水监测研究     

谭显辉  王晶晶  刘国  朱自伟 《地理信息世界》2017,24(1)

以中国气象局提供的地面观测站点逐小时降水数据为基准数据,综合评估了目前国际上主流的高分辨率多卫星遥感降水在2015年强台风灿鸿所带来的极端降水事件中的表现。结果表明:1所有的卫星遥感降水产品在此次极端降水事件中对实际降水都存在着低估,其中IMERG系列下经过校正的Final产品IMERG-Final-Calibrated表现得最好;2IMERG-Late-Calibrated在实时产品中表现最好,一定程度上可以满足极端降水事件监测对实时性的要求;3总的来说,在此次极端降水事件中,不管是滞时类产品还是实时类产品,IMERG系列卫星降水的表现均要好于TMPA系列下卫星降水的表现。  相似文献   

2008年“威马逊”台风期间海上大气波导时空特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

成印河  周生启  薛宇峰 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(3):64-69

结合 MM5数值模拟结果、天气图和卫星云图,系统分析了2008年“威马逊”台风引起的大气波导特征.本次台风过程中发生的大都为悬空大气波导,位于台风涡旋之外的西北部,台风越近波导高度、强度、厚度越大;同时数值模拟表明陆地地形对海上本次大气波导形成具有一定影响.利用大气波导这一特殊大气层结可以很好的评估和预测电磁波传播和海上探测通信系统  相似文献   

断裂输导油气的机制及侧向分流控制因素探讨     

姜大朋  代一丁  刘丽华  张超  李振升 《现代地质》2014,28(5):1023-1031

断裂是具有复杂内部结构的地质体,是地下油气运移的重要通道。断裂可向空间各个方向输导油气,其中,纵向输导加侧向分流是断裂输导油气成藏的基本方式。在断裂活动周期的不同阶段,断裂输导油气的机制存在差异,特点也不尽相同;用圈闭充满度作为评定侧向分流强度的依据,分别比较储层、上覆泥岩、断层各要素与其相关性,综合评定认为上覆泥岩厚度是控制侧向分流的主要因素,储层厚度次之;总结认为,断裂输导具有“断-盖”联控的特点;珠一坳陷断裂输导成藏具有“双峰型”特征,区域性盖层与输导机制耦合控制了充注高峰分布。  相似文献   

台风“碧利斯”的雷达反演及改进          下载免费PDF全文

段云霞  李得勤 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(5):25

利用两步变分反演方法,研究2006年第4号台风“碧利斯”,对照单部雷达资料和两部雷达资料的反演结果。结果表明：利用单部雷达资料不能很好的反演出台风的风场结构特征,而两部雷达资料在第一步反演背景场时,可以看出台风的涡旋特征。通过检验发现,此次台风过程的水平切向风在最大风速半径内部与Rankine模型相近,外部与Chen 3模型接近。为了更有效地利用单部雷达的观测信息准确定位台风的移动路径,故在单部雷达资料第一步反演背景场时加入模型弱约束。反演结果表明,加入模型弱约束后,反演的背景风场就能看出台风的涡旋特征,通过第二步反演后与两部雷达资料结果相近;加模型弱约束的单部雷达反演结果与两部雷达反演结果间u、v分量的相关系数均在0.8或以上,2-7 km高度层u、v分量的均方根误差明显减小。  相似文献   

“粤东”一称地理意义的历史演化与当代争辩     

施昌海  千庆兰  陈颖彪 《热带地理》2013,33(5):610-616

“粤东”是一个被广泛运用的地名,然而在古代与当代的地理意义迥然不同。即使在当代“粤东”也有几种解释,对人们的生产和生活造成一定影响。因此,探寻“粤东”较为合理的地理意义很有必要,能够为相关部门提供参考。文章首先根据历史文献,梳理了古代“粤东”一称地理意义的演变,然后以定量的方法统计当代学术界和媒体界对该词的使用。研究表明：由于古代“粤”的地理意义不断缩小,“粤东”的指代范围随之逐渐变小。当代“粤东”的地理意义至少有4种,以“粤东五市”最为学术界和媒体界认可。结合经济发展和自然地形特征,分析了当代“粤东”几种地理意义的优劣,最后提出“粤东”的统一定义：位于广东东部,包括潮州、汕头、揭阳、汕尾与梅州5市的区域。  相似文献   

Effective typhoon characteristics and their effects on hourly reservoir inflow forecasting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gwo-Fong Lin  Guo-Rong ChenPei-Yu Huang 《Advances in water resources》2010

This paper describes the identification of effective typhoon characteristics and the development of a new type of hourly reservoir inflow forecasting model with the effective typhoon characteristics. Firstly, a comparison of support vector machines (SVMs), which is a novel kind of neural networks (NNs), and back-propagation networks (BPNs) is made to select an appropriate NN-based model. The results show that SVM-based models are more appropriate than BPN-based models because of their higher accuracy and much higher efficiency. In addition, effective typhoon characteristics for improving forecasting performance are identified from all the collected typhoon information. Then the effective typhoon characteristics (the position of the typhoon and the distance between the typhoon center and the reservoir) are added to the proposed SVM-based models. Next, a performance comparison of models with and without effective typhoon characteristics is conducted to clearly highlight the effects of effective typhoon characteristics on hourly reservoir inflow forecasting. To reach a just conclusion, the performance is evaluated by cross validation, and the improvement in performance due to the addition of effective typhoon characteristics is tested by paired comparison t-tests at the 5% significance level. The results confirm that effective typhoon characteristics do improve the forecasting performance and the improvement increases with increasing lead-time, especially when the rainfall data are not available. For four- to six-hour ahead forecasts, the improvement due to the addition of effective typhoon characteristics increases from 3% to 18% and from 10% to 113% for Categories I (rainfall data are available) and II (rainfall data are not available), respectively. In conclusion, effective typhoon characteristics are recommended as key inputs for reservoir inflow forecasting during typhoons. The proposed SVM-based models with effective typhoon characteristics are expected to provide more accurate forecasts than BPN-based models. The proposed modeling technique is also expected to be useful to support reservoir operation systems and other disaster warning systems.  相似文献   

流体涡旋中螺旋波不稳定发展的理论研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陶建军  李朝奎 《地球物理学报》2008,51(3):650-656

文章利用柱坐标下的流体涡度方程,通过求初始时刻的解析解,研究了螺旋波的不稳定发展问题.结论是：涡旋中螺旋波动之间可以通过基本流耦合相互作用,出现共振不稳定增长.其增长率大小与初始扰动的波数相关,数值计算结果也表明：波动在发展过程中,螺旋带状结构将越来越明显,螺旋角越来越小.  相似文献